• Several studies have shown that independently of body weight

  2021-01-12

  

  Several studies have shown that, independently of body-weight control, the central actions of leptin improve glycemic control in obese diabetic rat and mouse models [62]. For instance, restoration of OB-Rb expression in OB-Rb-deficient mice, and in particular in POMC neurons, was sufficient to norma

• ApoE is secreted from astrocytes glia into

  2021-01-11

  

  ApoE is secreted from astrocytes/glia into the interstitial fluid and is important for metabolizing Aβ because of its propensity for binding Aβ as a cholesterol and phospholipid acceptor in reverse cholesterol transport [8]. Aβ oligomers show a direct toxicity to neurons, and ApoE inhibits oligomer

• Lymphocyte mobility and homing is modulated by the

  2021-01-11

  

  Lymphocyte mobility and homing is modulated by the chemoattractant receptor subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Campbell et al., 2003, Rot and von Andrian, 2004). B cell migration and position are controlled to a large extent by the lymphoid chemokines CXCL13, CXCL12, CCL19, and CCL21

• The murine subfamily members including and have been identif

  2021-01-11

  

  The murine subfamily members including , , , and have been identified and their encoded proteins showed deubiquitinating enzymatic activity , , , . It has been demonstrated that is an immediate-early gene induced by IL-3 in B-lymphocytes and is an IL-2 specific immediate-early gene in T-lymphoc

• CFSs are recognized as a driver of genome

  2021-01-11

  

  CFSs are recognized as a driver of genome instability in human cells and are hotspots for deletions or translocations in cancers (Richards, 2001). The generally accepted model for their expression is that the CFS locus shows a delay in chromatin condensation in early mitosis caused by the persistenc

• Overall the DDR kinase domain has

  2021-01-11

  

  Overall, the DDR1 kinase domain has a typical kinase domain structure and adequate sequence and/or structure similarity with other kinase domains, as shown in Fig. 2, which allow homology modeling of the active and inactive conformations. In addition to conformational changes to the activation loop

• br Contributors br Acknowledgements br Introduction Pemphigu

  2021-01-11

  

  Contributors Acknowledgements Introduction Pemphigus disorders are characterized by autoantibodies binding to desmosomes between epidermal cells, resulting in the loss of cell to cell adhesion and blister formation. In pemphigus foliaceus, autoantibodies predominantly bind to desmoglein 1,

• Cytochrome P CYP enzymes plays an essential

  2021-01-11

  

  Cytochrome P450 (CYP-450) enzymes plays an essential role in pharmacology of drugs and toxicology of xenobiotics. Inhibition of these enzymes may lead to increase plasma levels of a concomitantly administered drug (Lee et al., 2013). It may prolong or reduce the pharmacological effects and increase

• Considering all these facts in the present study we

  2021-01-11

  

  Considering all these facts, in the present study, we investigated the effects of two highly selective CRF receptor 2 antagonists (antisavaugine-30, ASV-30; and astressin-2B, AST-2B) on anxiety behavior in rats. The rationale for such an experimental approach was based on the premise that fear and s

• Table shows the comparison results of error detection rate o

  2021-01-11

  

  Table 2 shows the comparison results of error detection rate of each software-based CFC technique. Each version of benchmark is injected 10000 errors. Even though the injected errors are randomized in spite of their classifications, the large number of injected errors guarantees that all types of CF

• In cholesterol synthesis HMG CoA reductase

  2021-01-11

  

  In cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase is the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are commonly used for management of hypercholesterolemia. The presence of an HMG-like moiety on these drugs allows them to competitively bind to the catalytic do

• The question remains however as to the downstream signaling

  2021-01-11

  

  The question remains, however as to the downstream signaling by Epacs that contributes to persistent sensitization of sensory neurons. Activation of the Ras family of GTPases by Epac1 (RapGEF3) or Epac2 (RapGEF4) (Bos, 2003, de Rooij et al., 1998) is linked to a number of downstream signaling effect

• Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl terminal

  2021-01-11

  

  Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl-terminal catalytic region and an amino-terminal regulatory region, which harbors one cAMP-binding domain in Epac1 and two in Epac2 [22], [32], [51]. In the absence of cAMP, the regulatory region covers the CDC25-homology domain and autoinhibits Epac's enzymatic ac

• br Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs C

  2021-01-11

  

  Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs. C. Klein, I. Canisso and A. Claes with assistance in obtaining tissues. Supported by the Albert G. Clay Endowment, University of Kentucky. Introduction Neoplastic cells often develop drug resistance during tumor progression or cancer treatment (Turner a

• br Funding br Disclosure of interest br Acknowledgments br

  2021-01-11

  

  Funding Disclosure of interest Acknowledgments Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic disease characterized by extensive deposits of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that can impair the architecture and function of the lungs (Cavazza et al., 2010). Imbalance between the prolifer

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